Afectación vascular de miembros inferiores posterior a traumatismo en un hospital de alta complejidad en la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia), 2020

Objective: To characterize the vascular involvement in the lower limbs after trauma. Methodology: A retrospective descriptive observational study was carried out, which included patients with vascular injury in the lower limbs after trauma. A non-probabilistic demonstration of consecutive cases was carried out. For the analysis, the qualitative variables were calculated with relative and absolute frequencies, described with percentages and proportions, and the quantitative ones with measures of median central tendency and interquartile ranges. Results: 27 patients with vascular injury associated with trauma were included, according to the predominant sex, male with 85.2 %, and the median age was 30 years. Regarding trauma, the left lower limb was affected in 55.6 % and the traffic accident was the main mechanism of trauma with 48.1 %. In injuries associated with trauma, the main finding was bone fracture in 77.8 % of the patients, of which the tibia was the most affected bone with 61.9 %. Dislocation and nerve injury occurred simultaneously in 22.2 % of patients. Conclusion: Vascular trauma continues to be one of the most frequent reasons for visiting the emergency room; traffic accidents in our environment represent a large number of this type of trauma. In the same way, a complete physical examination must be carried out to detect and intervene early in the vascular lesion, to positively impact the clinical outcomes of the patients.