Analítica de datos: incidencia de la contaminación ambiental en la salud pública en Medellín (Colombia)

Objective To analyze the impact of air pollution by PM_2,5 particulate matter and its relationship with the number of attendances to health entities for respiratory diseases through data analytics. Methods Data from the Metropolitan Area of Medellín, Colombia, a city located in a densely populated and industrialized narrow valley and that has presented critical episodes of contamination in recent years, were analyzed. Three data sources were analyzed: meteorological data provided by SIATA (Early Warning System of Medellín and the Aburra Valley), PM_2,5 particulate matter contamination data provided by SIATA, and RIPS reports (Individual Registers for the Provision of Health Services) provided by the health department. Results The relationship between the concentration of PM_2,5 and medical care for the diagnoses of ARI, COPD and asthma was evidenced. In a critical episode of PM_2,5 contamination, the following delays in medical care were found: between 0-2 days for IRA, 0-7 days for COPD, and 0-5 days for asthma. Discussion Correlation coefficients were found that show the association of the concentration of PM_2,5 with the attendances for the diagnoses of ARI, COPD, and asthma. The highest correlation between the three morbidities was found for asthma. The meteorological variable with the highest correlation with the objective variable is air temperature in the case of COPD and asthma. In the case of IRA, the variable with the highest correlation is wind speed. On the other hand, the day of the week is a variable of great importance when carrying out a study of care for diseases.