Caracterización del dolor torácico en pacientes que consultan al Servicio de Urgencias de una institución de salud de alto nivel de complejidad, en el periodo 2014-2015, en Medellín, Colombia

Introduction: Acute chest pain is a distressing sensation between the diaphragm and the base of the neck and it represents a diagnostic challenge for any physician in the emergency department. Objective: To establish the main clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients who present with chest pain to the emergency department in a private clinic from the city of Medellin. Methods: Cross-sectional retrospective observational study, were patients who consulted for chest pain in the emergency department who met the eligibility criteria during 2014-2015. The information was analyzed in SPSS program vr.21; qualitative variables were described through relative frequencies, and the quantitative through mean and standard deviation or medians according to their distribution in the study population. Results: A total of 231 patients were evaluated, the mean age was 49.5 ± 19.9 years, 56.7 % were females. The most frequent pathological antecedents were hypertension 35.5 %, diabetes 10,8 %, dyslipidemia 10.4 % and coronary disease 5.2 %. Regarding pain features, in 40.3 % of the patients the pain began abruptly, in 38.2 % it had a precordial location, for 20 % of the cases physical activity acted as a trigger, and 60.6 % was oppressive. Costochondritis was the most common cause of chest pain among patients with an established etiologic diagnosis, representing the 18.2 %. Conclusions: Although the clinical features of pain reported coincide with the clinical presentation of an acute coronary syndrome, the most common cause of chest pain in study population was costochondritis instead, indicating that it is a differential diagnostic in the approach of patients with pain acute chest.