Catalytic effect of commercial carbon-coated nickel nanoparticles on the hydrogen storage performance of magnesium hydride

Magnesium is an excellent option for hydrogen storage due to its substantial capacity, estimated at approximately 7.6 wt %. However, the desorption temperature usually exceeds 350 °C because of slow kinetics and significant thermodynamic stability. Nickel has been used as a catalyst to enhance the kinetics of MgH₂ hydrogen desorption and absorption, as well as to reduce the dehydrogenation temperature. Commercial carbon-coated nickel nanoparticles were employed to catalyze hydrogen desorption and absorption in MgH₂. These nanoparticles were incorporated into the MgH₂ through two methods: before and after the ball milling process. Using carbon-coated nickel nanoparticles decreases the onset temperature of dehydrogenation from 321 °C in as-milled MgH₂ to below 255 °C for both sample types containing carbon-coated nickel nanoparticles. The activation energy falls from 152 kJ/mol in as-milled MgH₂ to at least 107 kJ/mol, with a minimum value of 81 kJ/mol. During dehydrogenation at 300 °C, the best samples evaluated take 10 min to reach 6.38 wt % and 40 min to achieve 5 wt % at 275 °C. Furthermore, MgH₂ with commercial carbon-coated nickel nanoparticles absorbs 4.5 wt % of hydrogen in 60 min at 150 °C and has a retention capacity in hydrogen desorption of 92 % after 10 cycles. Our results suggest carbon-coated nickel nanoparticles can be added to MgH₂ without ball milling to catalyze hydrogen desorption and absorption. This type of catalysis may be appealing for nanosized magnesium-based materials, where ball milling can agglomerate particles or alter a specific morphology.