Perfil clínico de pacientes con diabetes gestacional e incidencia de complicaciones neonatales en un centro de referencia materno-fetal colombiano

Aim: To determine the clinical profile pregnant women with gestational diabetes and incidence of the neonatal complications. Methods: Descriptive analysis of a retrospective cohort of pregnant women with gestational diabetes (GD) according to HAPO and Carpenter-Coustan criteria and their children, under a high complexity obstetric service in Medellin, Colombia between 2012-2015. Descriptive measures of maternal and neonatal characteristics and incidence of neonatal complications are presented. Results: The study included 197 pregnant women and 203 neonates: 90.5 % of pregnancies were overweight or obese; the most frequent comorbidity was the hypertensive disorder associated with pregnancy in 22.8 %. The management of the DG was 99.0% nutritional, 37.1% insulin and 3.6 % metformin. The average gestational age at delivery was 37 weeks and 3 days; DG was the most frequent indication of induction of labor in 76 % (38/50); 56.4% were vaginal deliveries and 34.6 % were DG related caesarean sections, 11.3 % of newborns were large for gestational age (P > 90) and two newborns weighing > 4000 gr. The incidence of at least one neonatal complication was 27.6 %, 16.7 % had hyperbilirubinemia, 9.9 % respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), 3.0 % hypoglycemia, 10.8 % other complications and 12.3 % were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Conclusions: DG is a frequent indication of induction of labor and indication of caesarean section. Neonatal complications occur in one of four newborns, although we observed a low incidence of macrosomia, there were other neonatal morbidities related to maternal diagnosis such as hyperbilirubinemia and RDS.