Complicaciones maternas y perinatales en gestantes con lupus: Estudio de casos y controles

Objective: To determine the frequency of maternal-perinatal complications and the clinical factors associated with these outcomes
in pregnant women with lupus.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted using the medical records of patients diagnosed with pregnancy and lupus in a healthcare institution in Medellin, Colombia, between 2010 and 2022. The patients were classified as cases (patients with adverse maternal-perinatal outcomes) and controls (patients without adverse outcomes).
Results: A total of 67 patients (35 cases and 32 controls) were included. The most frequent maternal complications were pregnancy associated hypertensive disorders (71.4%), including preeclampsia and a significant presentation of preterm deliveries (68.6%). Lupus nephritis prior to and during pregnancy was more frequent in cases than in controls (31.4% versus 9.4%). Cardiovascular, mucosal and musculoskeletal compromises were more frequent during pregnancy (31.4%, 40% and 34.3%, respectively), coinciding with greater lupus activity, mainly during pregnancy. Cardiovascular and mucosal involvement during pregnancy, as
well as having antiphospholipid syndrome, were related to adverse maternal-perinatal outcome.
Conclusion: Clinical components of the disease such as lupus nephritis, antiphospholipid syndrome, cardiovascular and mucosal involvement, are factors that may predispose these patients to adverse maternal and/or perinatal outcomes, such as hypertensive disorders associated with pregnancy, low birth weight, preterm, fetal growth restriction, among others.