Conventional cytology scheme: adherence and associated factors

Objectives: This study analyzed adherence rates to conventional cytology and associated factors in a cohort of women at a health service provider institution in Medellin, Colombia. Study design: Observational cohort study with repeated measures. Methods: Clinical and sociodemographic data were obtained from databases for screenings between January 2018 and December 2022. Adherence, defined as undergoing 1, 2, or 3 cytology tests according to national guidelines, was the outcome. Statistical analysis involved a Poisson model with robust errors to identify factors associated with adherence. Results: In total, 26,445 women were included, with a median age of 25 years (IQR: 22–27). Adherence rate was 20.4%. Having just high school education (RR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.49–0.55), a history of pregnancy (RR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.54–0.75), and a history of sexually transmitted infections (RR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.78–0.99) decreased adherence. Conversely, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination history increased adherence (RR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.60–2.80). Conclusion: It is vital to monitor cytology programs to improve demand-induced and spontaneous consultations. Diligent follow-up, focusing on patients with factors linked to low adherence, along with appointment reminders, can enhance adherence to the screening protocol.