Resumen
OBJECTIVE
Diagnosing nosocomial meningitis (NM) in neurosurgical patients is diffcult. The standard CSF test is not optimal and when it is obtained, CSF cultures are negative in as many as 70% of cases. The goal of this study was to develop a diagnostic prediction rule for postoperative meningitis using a combination of clinical, laboratory, and CSF variables, as well as risk factors (RFs) for CNS infection.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was performed in 4 intensive care units in Medellín, Colombia. Patients with a history of neurosurgical procedures were selected at the onset of febrile symptoms and/or after an increase in acute-phase reactants. Their CSF was studied for suspicion of infection and a bivariate analysis was performed between the dependent variable (confrmed/probable NM) and the identifed independent variables. Those variables with a p value = 0.2 were ftted in a multiple logistic regression analysis with the same dependent variable. After determining the best model according to its discrimination and calibration, the b coeffcient for each selected dichotomized variable obtained from the logistic regression model was used to construct the score for the prediction rule.
RESULTS
Among 320 patients recruited for the study, 154 had confrmed or probable NM. Using bivariate analysis, 15 variables had statistical associations with the outcome: aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), traumatic brain injury, CSF leak, positioning of external ventricular drains (EVDs), daily CSF draining via EVDs, intraventricular hemorrhage, neurological deterioration, age = 50 years, surgical duration ≥∗220 minutes, blood loss during surgery ≥∗200 ml, C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥∗6 mg/dl, CSF/serum glucose ratio ≥∗0.4 mmol/L, CSF lactate ≥∗4 mmol/L, CSF leukocytes ≥∗250 cells, and CSF polymorphonuclear (PMN) neutrophils ≥∗50%. The multivariate analysis ftted a fnal model with 6 variables for the prediction rule (aSAH diagnosis: 1 point∗CRP ≥∗6 mg/dl: 1 point∗CSF/serum glucose ratio ≥∗0.4 mmol/L: 1 point∗CSF leak: 1.5 points∗CSF PMN neutrophils ≥∗50%: 1.5 points∗and CSF lactate ≥∗4 mmol/L: 4 points) with good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of ft = 0.71) and discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.94).
CONCLUSIONS
The prediction rule for diagnosing NM improves the diagnostic accuracy in neurosurgical patients with suspicion of infection. A score ≥∗6 points suggests a high probability of neuroinfection, for which antibiotic treatment should be considered. An independent validation of the rule in a different group of patients is warranted.
Diagnosing nosocomial meningitis (NM) in neurosurgical patients is diffcult. The standard CSF test is not optimal and when it is obtained, CSF cultures are negative in as many as 70% of cases. The goal of this study was to develop a diagnostic prediction rule for postoperative meningitis using a combination of clinical, laboratory, and CSF variables, as well as risk factors (RFs) for CNS infection.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was performed in 4 intensive care units in Medellín, Colombia. Patients with a history of neurosurgical procedures were selected at the onset of febrile symptoms and/or after an increase in acute-phase reactants. Their CSF was studied for suspicion of infection and a bivariate analysis was performed between the dependent variable (confrmed/probable NM) and the identifed independent variables. Those variables with a p value = 0.2 were ftted in a multiple logistic regression analysis with the same dependent variable. After determining the best model according to its discrimination and calibration, the b coeffcient for each selected dichotomized variable obtained from the logistic regression model was used to construct the score for the prediction rule.
RESULTS
Among 320 patients recruited for the study, 154 had confrmed or probable NM. Using bivariate analysis, 15 variables had statistical associations with the outcome: aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), traumatic brain injury, CSF leak, positioning of external ventricular drains (EVDs), daily CSF draining via EVDs, intraventricular hemorrhage, neurological deterioration, age = 50 years, surgical duration ≥∗220 minutes, blood loss during surgery ≥∗200 ml, C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥∗6 mg/dl, CSF/serum glucose ratio ≥∗0.4 mmol/L, CSF lactate ≥∗4 mmol/L, CSF leukocytes ≥∗250 cells, and CSF polymorphonuclear (PMN) neutrophils ≥∗50%. The multivariate analysis ftted a fnal model with 6 variables for the prediction rule (aSAH diagnosis: 1 point∗CRP ≥∗6 mg/dl: 1 point∗CSF/serum glucose ratio ≥∗0.4 mmol/L: 1 point∗CSF leak: 1.5 points∗CSF PMN neutrophils ≥∗50%: 1.5 points∗and CSF lactate ≥∗4 mmol/L: 4 points) with good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of ft = 0.71) and discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.94).
CONCLUSIONS
The prediction rule for diagnosing NM improves the diagnostic accuracy in neurosurgical patients with suspicion of infection. A score ≥∗6 points suggests a high probability of neuroinfection, for which antibiotic treatment should be considered. An independent validation of the rule in a different group of patients is warranted.
Idioma original | Español (Colombia) |
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Páginas (desde-hasta) | 262-271 |
Número de páginas | 10 |
Publicación | Journal of Neurosurgery |
Volumen | 128 |
N.º | 1 |
DOI | |
Estado | Publicada - 10 mar. 2017 |
Palabras clave
- Infection
- Lactate
- Nosocomial meningitis
- Postoperative meningitis
- Prediction rule
Tipos de Productos Minciencias
- Artículos de investigación con calidad A1 / Q1