Effect of dilution ratio and drying method of resorcinol–formaldehyde carbon gels on their electrocapacitive properties in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes

Zulamita Zapata-Benabithe, Carlos Moreno-Castilla, Francisco Carrasco-Marín

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    Resumen

    Carbon gels were prepared by carbonization of organic gels from a resorcinol–formaldehyde mixture in the presence of potassium carbonate and with two different dilution ratios. The organic hydrogels were dried under supercritical and subcritical conditions and by lyophilization. After carbonization, the carbon aerogels, xerogels, and cryogels were characterized by N2 and CO2 adsorption at −196 and 0 °C, respectively, and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine their surface area, porosity, and surface oxygen content. Electrocapacitive properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a two-electrode cell in acidic and non-aqueous aprotic electrolytes. Results obtained showed that the gravimetric capacitance from chronopotentiometry increased linearly for both electrolytes with an increase in the micropore volume accessible to N2 at −196 °C and in the SBET. In both series of carbon gels, the cryogel had the lowest electrical resistance and fastest discharge time from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, indicating that lyophilization may generate a pore texture with lesser tortuosity and greater regularity in comparison with the other drying methods.

    Idioma originalInglés
    Páginas (desde-hasta)407-412
    Número de páginas6
    PublicaciónJournal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology
    Volumen75
    N.º2
    DOI
    EstadoPublicada - 18 ago. 2015

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    Publisher Copyright:
    © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.

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