Factores asociados a la calidad del sueño en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson, estudio en población colombiana

Introduction: Sleep disorders are common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to identify factors associated with sleep quality in this population. Materials and Methods: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study between June 2018 and December 2019 in adults with PD from a referral center. The instruments used were: sleep quality assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, daytime sleepiness with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (Colombian versions), and anxiety-depression with the Zung scales (screening tools). Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance and a prespecified minimal adjustment set. Results: A total of 93 patients were included. The prevalence of sleep disturbance was 74.2% (61.3% mild and 12.9% severe). Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) was present in 33.3%, and anxiety in 39.8%. In multivariable models, anxiety was associated with mild (PR = 17.55) and severe sleep disturbance (PR = 64.25), and EDS was associated with severe disturbance (PR = 12.16). Estimates for the severe outcome showed wide confidence intervals, consistent with few events. Discussion: Using locally validated instruments, the findings support integrating sleep screening into PD care in Colombia. Anxiety and EDS emerge as key clinical indicators to prioritize in evaluation and intervention, although the imprecision of some PR estimates warrants cautious interpretation. Conclusions: Three out of four individuals with PD presented sleep disturbances. Anxiety and EDS should guide systematic screening and comprehensive management. Multicenter and longitudinal studies with objective measurements are needed to clarify the magnitude and directionality of these associations.