Infecciones fúngicas en trasplante de médula ósea y su manejo profiláctico

introduction. Invasive fungal infections (ifis) are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, such as those with leukemia or who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The main risk factors include prolonged neutropenia and corticosteroid use. The most common ifis are candidiasis and aspergillosis, which is usually acquired by inhaling spores. Their treatment and prophylaxis can present a medical challenge due to adverse effects and resistance to currently available antifungal agents. materials and methods. A review of the literature was carried out in databases such as PubMed and Elsevier. We reviewed 100 articles published in recent years, of which 47 were selected to be part of this review, limiting participation to those that were not available in Spanish or English, or that spoke specifically of the pediatric population. conclusion. Invasive fungal infections remain a threat to immunocompromised patients, such as those with hematologic malignancies or stem cell transplants. Despite advances in diagnosis, treatments face challenges such as antifungal resistance and side effects. Azole prophylaxis has been effective, but the choice of treatment must be tailored to the individual patient. Research into new antifungals and optimization of prophylactic therapies are key to improving outcomes in these patients.