Microbial activity and metamitron degrading microbial communities differ between soil and water-sediment systems

The herbicide metamitron is frequently detected in the environment, and its degradation in soil differs from that in aquatic sediments. In this study, we applied ¹³C₆-metamitron to investigate the differences in microbial activity, metamitron mineralization and metamitron degrading microbial communities between soil and water-sediment systems. Metamitron increased soil respiration, whereas it suppressed respiration in the water-sediment system as compared to controls. Metamitron was mineralized two-fold faster in soil than in the water-sediment. Incorporation of ¹³C from ¹³C₆-metamitron into Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) was higher in soil than in sediment, suggesting higher activity of metamitron-degrading microorganisms in soil. During the accelerated mineralization of metamitron, biomarkers for Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and actinobacteria dominated within the ¹³C-PLFAs in soil. Gram-negative bacteria dominated among the metamitron degraders in sediment throughout the incubation period. Actinobacteria, and actinobacteria and fungi were the main consumers of necromass of primary degraders in soil and water-sediment, respectively. This study clearly showed that microbial groups involved in metamitron degradation depend on the system (soil vs. water-sediment) and on time. It also indicated that the turnover of organic chemicals in complex environments is driven by different groups of synthropic degraders (primary degraders and necromass degraders) rather than by a single degrader.