Retinopathy of prematurity: Epidemiology in Medellín, Colombia, 2003-2008

Objectives:To describe the clinical and demographic characteristics, and the neonatal and maternal risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in patients detected by means of a screening program at a university-affiliated clinic in Medellín, Colombia, between 2003 and 2008. Methods: The charts of 1.080 neonates were reviewed. Screening criteria were: 32 weeks or less of gestational age and/or 1.600 grams or less of neonatal weight. The following information was included in a data base: demographic variables, selected neonatal and maternal risk factors, classification of retinopathy and type of treatment. Results were statistically analyzed and compared with those of regional and international reports on the epidemiology of ROP. Results: Global ROP prevalence was 18.2% (197 neonates), mean gestational age was 29.53 weeks and mean birth weight, 1.230 grams. Prevalence was 40% in infants with birth weight under 1.250 grams. The most frequent risk factors were: hyaline membrane disease, sepsis (p=0.00) and preeclampsia. One hundred and twenty five infants (63.5%) received oxygen therapy (p=0.00). Surgical treatment was required by 10.2% of infants. Conclusion: These results provide up to date information on the prevalence and risk factors of ROP in a specific Colombian population.