Una revisión actualizada sobre los factores de riesgo y características genéticas asociadas a la trombosis venosa profunda

Introduction: DVT is one of the most common vascular pathologies in the world, whose occurrence is a combination of different risk factors both genetic and non-genetic, so it is considered a preventable disease, however, at present the identification of these factors may represent a challenge for the clinician, leading to this being classified as unprovoked or idiopathic. To review the risk factors, both genetic and non-genetic, that can guide the clinician in the suspicion and prevention of DVT.
Methodology: A literature review was performed in PubMed and Elsevier databases with the purpose of collecting updated information on risk factors and genetic characteristics associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The DeSC terms deep vein thrombosis, venous thrombosis, and phlebothrombosis were used together with their MeSH equivalents, combined with Boolean AND and OR connectors to refine the search. A total of 80 articles published between 2018 and 2023 were reviewed and initially evaluated according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, selecting 50 for use in this review.Inclusion criteria comprised studies that specifically addressed risk factors, both genetic and nongenetic for the development of DVT and its generalities. Original research studies and to a lesser extent review
articles were included. Exclusion criteria focused on studies that were not available in English or Spanish and studies related to the pediatric population. We selected articles of global provenance that included population older than 18 years and that fit the publication period between 2018 and 2023. We chose to use the PubMed and Elsevier databases due to their broad coverage in medicine and their wide acceptance in the scientific community.
Conclusion: It was evidenced that there are multiple risk factors that predispose to the appearance of DVT, of which, in most of them, medical intervention can have a positive impact on the development of the disease, including genetic alterations and their implications.